瓜果 Fruit and Melon | K-Farm 堅農圃

Fruit and Melon 瓜果

熱情果(Passion Fruit)

特點：又名百香果，多年生蔓藤植物，葉腋長出卷鬚作為攀爬工具。熱情果的花像一個時鐘，有時針、分針、秒針的構造，故另有「時計果」的稱號。常見成熟的熱情果是紫色，另有黃色品種，水份及甜度相對較高。

種法：需日照充足，土壤疏鬆通氣、排水功能好。枝蔓生長具有連續生長特性，只要條件適宜，一年四季都可連續開花、結果。

用法：熱情果可當水果食用，亦可製作飲品及甜品。熱情果含豐富維他命C，能維持身體免疫力及抗衰老。熱情果亦含其他抗氧化物，具消炎作用，可減少粉刺暗瘡、牙周炎等問題。
Introduction (description): Passion fruit is a vine species of passion flower. The mature fruit is in either yellow or dark color.
Guide to planting: It best grows in well-drained soil.
Uses: Passion fruit, apparently, is a fruit, and it is a fruit which can be made into drinks or desserts. Passion fruit is high in nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants.

熱情果-語音導賞

Passion Fruit - Audio

牛油果 (Avocado)

特點：生長於熱帶的樟科樹的果實。綠色外皮，成熟後變深啡色，果肉柔軟似牛油且有豐富的脂肪含量。
種法：生長環境需要無霜少風，風大的地方會減少濕度，令花朵脫水，影響授粉；霜凍會使未成熟的果實掉下。
用法：通常會搭配其他食材或調味料生食，如沙律、加入牛奶打成牛油果牛奶、牛油果醬和加州捲等。
Introduction (description): Avocado is of the flowering plant family Lauraceae. The skin of ripe avocadoes is black and rough, and the flesh is light green and smooth.
Guide to planting: Avocadoes should not be grown in a snowy or windy place, in which the flower of an avocado will dehydrate or an unripe avocado will drop.
Uses: Avocado flesh is used in different cuisines, for example, salads, milk drink, and sushi.

牛油果-語音導賞

Avocado-Audio

藍莓 (Blueberry)

特點：越橘屬中的藍色漿果，原生於北美洲與東亞，為灌木。帶有喇叭形的冠在末端，一開始呈淺綠色，成熟後為紫藍色。
種法：喜歡排水良好，偏酸性，並富含有機質的土壤。喜歡陽光但亦有耐冷，怕高溫的特性。
用法：可作生果直接食用，也可用在果凍、果醬、雪糕或其他甜品上，含有高量的花青素。
Introduction (description): Blueberries are a group of perennial flower plants native to North America. The color of blueberries shows the stages of maturation, from immature green, through green and blue pink, to ripe blue.
Guide to planting: Blueberries need acidic soil, whose texture should be light and free-draining. It is best to grow them in a sunny position, but not in extremely hot weather.
Uses: Blueberries, as a kind of fruit, are frequently used in ice-cream making, jam, jelly, and other desserts. Containing dietary fiber, blueberries are also an excellent source of Vitamin C and K.

Blueberry - Audio

藍莓

菠蘿 (Pineapple)

特點：原產於南美洲的熱帶水果，為禾本目鳳梨科鳳梨屬植物，劍狀葉片，果肉成熟後為黃色。
種法：喜熱、喜陽光、喜水，喜歡生長在富含養分、排水能力強且鬆軟的土壤環境下。
用法：可以生吃或製成果汁，亦可作配料如菠蘿抄飯，咕嚕肉等, 多汁酸甜，可解暑和促進消化。
Introduction (description): The pineapple, indigenous to South America, is a tropical plant in the family Bromeliaceae. While pineapple leaves bear sharp uncurved spines on the edges, the flesh of a pineapple is yellow.
Guide to planting: Pineapples enjoy hot, sunny climates, with moist and loamy soil.
Uses: The flesh and juice of the pineapple are commonly used in different cuisines, for example, pineapple fried rice and sweet-sour pork.

Pineapple - Audio

菠蘿-語音導賞

提子 (Grape)

特點：又稱葡萄，落葉藤本植物。粉紅色枝蔓细長，近圓形單葉，葉缘有鋸齒。果實是醬果類水果，多為圓形或橢圓形。

種法：生長期要求温暖、陽光充足、夏季長期乾燥等。最適宜温度為25 - 30℃。

用法：葡萄可以生吃，生產果醬、果汁、果凍、葡萄籽精華素、葡萄酒、醋、葡萄籽油等等。
Introduction (description): A grape, is a fruit of a woody vine of the flowering plant genus Vitis. The leaves are curated, heart-shaped, with multiple lobes.
Guide to planting: Grape must be grown in a warm (25-30 degree Celsius) climate and with full sunlight.
Uses: There are numerous uses of grapes: as the whole fruit, in juices, jellies, wine, grapeseed oil, etc.

提子-語音導賞

Grape - Audio

無花果Fig

特點：果實呈球根狀，花生長於果內。桑科榕屬，主要生長於熱帶和溫帶。
種法：喜歡溫暖、乾燥、排水良好的砂質壤土，適於露天下種植，但在日照強盛時需防日燒。
用法：無花果可以新鮮的時候吃，也可以晒乾了吃，或做成果醬、糕點。富含膳食纖維和多種抗氧化劑、黄酮和多酚。
Introduction (description): Fig is an edible fruit of Ficus carica, a flowering plant of the family Moraceae, mainly grown in tropical and temperate areas.
Guide to planting: Fig trees should be kept in full sun, and best grow in well-drained soils.
Uses: Figs can be eaten raw or dried or used in jam-making or pastry. They contain high mineral and fiber content.

無花果-語音導賞

Fig - Audio

哈蜜瓜Hami Melon

特點：是甜瓜品種之一，以新疆哈密所產最為著名，故稱為哈密瓜。
種法：喜歡充足的陽光和較大的晝夜溫差，在酸鹼度大約6.5左右的沙質土壤比較合適，要保持土壤的濕潤程度。
用法：作生果直接食用，味道清甜可口，富含各種營養元素和天然物質成分，對人體有很好的保健作用。
Introduction (description): The Hami melon is a type of muskmelon from Hami, Xinjiang, China.
Guide to planting: The Hami melon likes full sunlight and a high difference in the day and night temperature. It best grows on sandy loam soils, with a pH value between 6.0 and 6.5.
Uses: The Hami melon is eaten as a fruit. With a fresh and sweet taste, it contains various nutrients beneficial to our body.

哈密瓜-語音導賞

Hami Melon - Audio

辣椒Chili Pepper

特點：是甜瓜品種之一，以新疆哈密所產最為著名，故稱為哈密瓜。
種法：喜歡充足的陽光和較大的晝夜溫差，在酸鹼度大約6.5左右的沙質土壤比較合適，要保持土壤的濕潤程度。
用法：作生果直接食用，味道清甜可口，富含各種營養元素和天然物質成分，對人體有很好的保健作用。
Introduction (description): Chili peppers are varieties of the berry-fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum originated in Bolivia. The leaves of chili peppers are oval-shaped, and the flowers are white. The green, unripe chili peppers, once they become ripe, will turn red.
Guide to planting: Chili peppers like warm, dry weather. It is best to keep the soil moist, but be careful that overwatering may drown the plants.
Uses: Chili peppers contain rich Vitamin C and carotene, and are normally used as a spice or seasoning.

辣椒-語音導賞

Chili Pepper - Audio

青瓜Cucumber

特點：果實為圓柱形，熟時為黃綠色，表皮粗糙。又稱為「黃瓜」，是一種常見的瓜類蔬菜，屬葫蘆科，源自印度。
種法：需要保持土壤微濕。長至30cm時，搭建攀爬架，使其附着在架子生長。
用法：常用作涼菜，可以加到沙律、三文治中，亦會用作熱炒或腌制菜品中，更可以用來榨汁或泡水作飲料。青瓜含有的充足水份、膳食纖維和抗氧化物，有助控制體重和預防癌症。
Introduction (description): Cucumber is of the Cucurbitaceae family in India. It has various colors, from creamy yellow to pale or dark green. Cucumbers have a cylindrical shape.
Guide to planting: Cucumbers can be grown in well-drained soil, and must be in full sunlight. It is recommended to use a trellis to support cucumbers, a creeping vine.
Uses: It is common to see cold dishes like salads with cucumbers. Cucumbers can also be fried or pickled, squeezed into juice or drinks. Cucumber fruits consist of 95% water.

青瓜-語音導賞

Cucumber - Audio

秋葵Okra

特點：錦葵科，通常認為原產於非洲西部至衣索比亞一帶。莖有散刺，葉片至果實披有稀疏硬毛，花呈淺黃色，內面基部為紫色。
種法：耐高溫，喜歡溫暖和乾旱的環境。宜在春季或秋季播種，倘遇寒流，將嚴重影響產量。
用法：秋葵的果實可作蔬菜食用，口感軟糯粘滑，富含各種營養及多種維生素，可助人消除疲勞，快速恢復體力。
Introduction (description): Okra is a flowering plant in the mallow family. The geographical origin is not known, but it is always thought of as Western African or Ethiopian origin.
Guide to planting: Warm and dry environment is ideal for growing okra. It is suitable to sow okra seeds in Spring or Autumn.
Uses: The pods of okra can be eaten raw or cooked, with a soft and sticky texture. Raw okra is a rich source of different vitamins and dietary fiber.

秋葵-語音導賞

Okra - Audio

早綠小冬瓜Winter Melon

特點：屬早熟品種，果實圓筒形，果皮青綠色，有綠斑點，具茸毛和光澤。
種法：抗病耐熱，適應力強，上架爬地栽培均可，適宜春秋季種植。
用法：作瓜果類蔬菜食用，肉質厚實。
Introduction (description): Winter melon is the only member of the genus Benincasa. The young fruit is covered in hairs, which will lose when developed into a green waxy coating. The melon has a cylindrical shape.
Guide to planting: It is best to be grown in warm and mild climates, and in well-drained loam.
Uses: The flesh of winter melon is white, and tastes sweet, with a water-rich texture.

早綠小冬瓜-語音導賞

Winter Melon

苦瓜Bitter Melon

特點：又名涼瓜，是葫蘆科植物。原產地一般是熱帶地區。莖、枝、葉柄及花梗披有柔毛，葉片呈橢圓形，外沿有鋸齒。
種法：對養分的需求量很大，土壤宜肥沃、深厚、保水保肥力強，適合生長環境溫度在15-35℃ 範圍。
用法：可以生吃，也可以熟吃。具有消暑清熱，解毒、健胃的功效。
Introduction (description): Bitter melon is a vine originated from tropical Asian. While the stems, branches, petioles, and pedicels are furry, the shape of the leave is a maple leaf.
Guide to planting: Bitter melon needs a lot of nutrient to grow healthy. The ideal temperature to grow it is between 15 to 35 degree Celsius.
Uses: Bitter melon can be eaten raw. Some claim that it may be good for stomach.

苦瓜-語音導賞

Bitter melon - Audio

薑黃Turmeric

特點：薑科薑黃屬植物。原產於亞洲熱帶地區，印度東南部。會開出白色和紫色尾端的花朵，根莖為深黃色。
種法：喜歡溫暖、濕潤的環境，抗旱能力差，生長旺盛期需充足陽光。土壤宜肥沃，保濕力強。
用法：通常將其根莖磨成粉末，可作煮食或虊用，嚐起來味苦而辛，帶點土味。主成分薑黃素具有一些醫療保健的效果，功效包括：抗發炎、預防心血管疾病、防失智、防癌症、抗憂鬱、改善膚質等。
Introduction (description): Turmeric is a flowering plant of the Ginger family, originating from tropical Asia, South-East India. The color of the flower is white tinged with reddish-purple, with bright yellow petals.
Guide to planting: The ideal environment for growing turmeric is warm and humid weather. it is key to keep the soil moist, and under strong sunlight.
Uses: Turmeric can be made into (yellow) powder, which tastes spicy-bitter and contains curcumin. Some studies show that curcumin may have anti-disease effects or health benefits.

薑黃-語音導賞

Turmeric - Audio

檸檬樹 (Lemon Tree)

開花季節：春夏花較多，產期主要在7-12月

種法：適合天氣熱。土壤排水要好，要較鹼性。宜密密地少量灌溉及施肥。

飲料：檸檬汁常用於調製飲品，例如檸茶檸水、凍檸樂鹹檸七、檸檬咖啡及檸檬益力多。地道香港飲品則有檸樂煲薑。
Introduction (description): Lemon trees usually blossom in spring and summer while bearing fruits between July and December.
Guide to planting: They like hot weather and well-drained soil that is relatively alkaline. It is best to irrigate and fertilize the plant frequently and lightly.
Uses: Lemon juice is often used in beverages, such as lemon tea, lemonade, lemon coke, lemon coffee, etc. One of the well-known local beverages is made by boiling coke with ginger and lemon.

檸檬樹-語音導賞

矮腳蕉 (Dwarf Cavendish Banana)

特色：四種香蕉當中的矮型香蕉，原產於中國西南地區。
種法：土壤排水要好。不宜生於寒冷之地。避免種在豆類或瓜類旁邊。
用法：作生果用，肉質柔軟，香甜可口。
Introduction (description): Comparatively short and chubby, the dwarf banana is one of the four categories of banana, native to southwest China.
Guide to planting: It grows best with well-drained soil and warm weather. Avoid planting beans and melons nearby.
Uses: As a fruit, the Dwarf Cavendish Banana is soft and sweet in taste.

矮腳蕉-語音導賞